Come to AXO Lip Sync!

Come to AXO Lip Sync! Do you want to relive your favorite pop culture moment? Do you enjoy watching your lab partner/roommate/secret crush/pset buddy/TA reveal hidden talents? Do you long for opportunities to support a good cause while being entertained? If you answered yes to any or all of the questions above, buy a ticket to AXO Lip Sync! WHEN: Saturday April 29th, 8PM (Doors open at 7:30) WHERE: Johnson COST: $6 in advance, $7 at door WHY: To support the Cambridge YWCA, and because Lip Sync-ing is awesome All proceeds from the event will be donated to the Cambridge YWCA. The YWCA of Cambridge has grown to become the largest residential facility for women in the city. We provide temporary and permanent housing for displaced women, homeless women and children, women with HIV/AIDS, battered women, and women recovering from substance abuse. Because our goal for all these women is that they are able to live fruitful lives outside the YWCA, we encourage them to participate in job training and educational programs.

The Powers of a Mob - 593 Words

â€Å"All persons ought to endeavor to follow what is right and not what is established† said Aristotle. In Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† she explores this power idea of the mob mentality and how it creates pointless violence. The story takes place in a small ordinary village, but every year everyone in the town gathers to have the lottery. The lottery is a ritualistic murder of an innocent person in the town, even the women and children must take part. After the lottery is over the town goes back to normal, as if the lottery never happened. Jackson uses the mob mentality to show the readers the pointless violence in our lives. All throughout the story, the villagers fall captive to the effects of the mob mentally. Patrick Shields in his article Arbitrary Condemnation And Sanctioned Violence in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery† states â€Å"The crowd of townsfolk in Jackson’s story appears to be under a hypnotic spell of sorts.† (Shields 414) The town’s people just showing up to the lottery shows they agree to participate, and have succumb to the mob already. They are following tradition and are scared to break it. When Mr. Adams says that over in the north village theyre talking of giving up the lottery,(Jackson) Old Man Warner the oldest person in town says back Pack of crazy fools, he said. Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work anymore, live that way for aShow MoreRelatedCauses And Reasons Of Shays Rebellion And The Whiskey Rebellion1244 Words   |  5 Pageswere isolated and therefore often unrepresented in government, their mob uprisings aimed toward the unfair and inefficient taxation revealed their anger towards government officials. Both Shays and the Whiskey Rebellion were neutralized to reduce the power of the mob enforce that of the federal government. After the revolution, the Electoral College was created to limit the total power of the people and specifically the mob, select members, that represented the people of the United States, wouldRead MoreSimilarities Between The Crucible And Half-Hanged Mary1154 Words   |  5 PagesMob Mentality in Puritan Era-Based Literature How many times has an action by one person influenced crowds of people to follow? This scenario has taken place numerous times throughout history. This psychological occurrence is known as â€Å"mob mentality†: when a group of people is influenced by a person’s actions to change their behavior and think as a group. During the time period that The Crucible by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Half-Hanged Mary† by Margaret Atwood took place, the people worked together to dealRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesMichaela Wolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travelsRead MoreThe Crucible And Mob Mentality1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout history. This psychological occurrence is known as â€Å"mob mentality†: when a group of people is influenced by a person’s actions to change their behavior and think as a group. During the time period that The Crucible by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Half-Hanged Mary† by Margaret Atwood took place in, the people worked together to deal with any threat to their beliefs. The communities relied on the judgment of their peers, hence why mob mentality was an important aspect of both works. In both piecesRead MoreThe, The Salem Witch Trials And The Civil Rights Movement Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesform groups of like-minded individuals, and participate in behaviors they would likely not have undertaken on their own. This particular behavior has been coined the â€Å"mob mentality and under it, people appear to become mindless automatons that lack any ability to act on their own thoughts. While there are perfect examples of mob mentalities doing good, such as the pivotal march on Washington during the Civil rights movement of the 1960’s, to something as simple as the yearly gathering of like-mindedRead MoreLynching And Lynch Mobs : Lynching1104 Words   |  5 PagesLynching and Lynch Mobs Lily Chang, Kristine Chin, Novena Petryk-Cordi The Definition of Lynching To violently punish or execute, for real or alleged crimes, without due process (Encyclopedia.com) The Origin of the Lynch Mob One account of the origin of lynching is from an Englishman named Charles Lynch of Virginia. In 1687 he was sent to the colonies to end piracy. In his attempt, he hung every pirate he came across without a trial. Another account says that lynching was a process that evolved overRead MoreSimilarities Between Juvenal And Augustus1067 Words   |  5 Pagesand power-hungry senators. Juvenal, however, is the only one out of the two to describe that reality of life in Rome. The mob was a big part of the politics of Rome, with people using the mob to rise to power. The mob led to much of the corruption in the government because politicians, hoping to rise to power, would use the mobs hatred of someone in power to further their own campaign. Juvenal describes the power that the corrupted government politicians wield in his writings, as a power grantedRead MoreThe Utilization of Flash Mob and Viral Marketing as a Promotional Tools1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe utilization of Flash Mob and Viral Marketing as a Promotional tool: A Case Study of Mizone Product. By Adlina Nufikha 009201000017 A thesis proposal presented to the Faculty of Communication President University in partial fulfillment of the Qualitative Research Communication Subject Assignment, Concentration Public Relations May 2012 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study In recent years, with the innovation of promotion tools, print media and broadcast media thatRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagessame: the innocent man is still â€Å"proven† guilty. The common people have the power now, but that power does not result in good reasoning. In the socialistic society of Paris, there are two ways to rule. In the first way, the people rule themselves with a mob-like mentality. In the second a ruling elite rises to the top by taking a populist approach and manipulating the people. A Tale of Two Cities demonstrates both. The mob-like mentality is demonstrated in the storming of the Bastille, but the DefargesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Goodfellas 1575 Words   |  7 PagesFamous director Martin Scorsese made history by directing two of the most prolific mob movies of all time, The Goodfellas (1990) and The Departed (2006). Both were nominated for Academy Awards; however, The Goodfellas lost the award, making The Departed Scorsese’s first Oscar winning movie. Although it lost the Academy Award, The Goodfellas was the most Oscar-worthy of the two movies based on it’s cinematic elements, like editing, camera movement, and effects, and its dramatic elements, such as acting

Watson, Skinner and Tolman Essay - 1627 Words

During the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as â€Å"modern day psychology† in 2012. In this succinct writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and deliberation to define their difference shall be incorporated herein. Although, each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectives, there is also a form of dissemination among them based on their theories and perspectives. Each theory and concept is like steps on a ladder that define prior events that lead to current day theory known as modern day psychology. Respectfully†¦show more content†¦Operant conditioning associates behavior with consequences for good or bad based on the behavior perform. Operant conditioning is based on a voluntary response from a specific behavior or consequence. Oper ant conditioning may be based on a reward or punishment, but operant conditioning will always implement a voluntary response and require participation from something or someone. Enforcement or reinforcement of operant conditioning occurs when the subject is introduced to the same scenario that yielded a specific behavior. Watson consolidated classical and operant conditioning as mechanisms for his forms of behaviorism and Watson’s work is primarily responsible for psychology becoming a science of behavior. Burrhus Frederic Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner often called B.F. Skinner was born on March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. Skinner made numerous contributions to psychology, but his primary contribution was operant conditioning. According to Goodwin, 2008 Skinner built a device called the â€Å"cumulative recorder.† Goodwin states, â€Å"with an operant chamber and a cumulative recorder, Skinner was in a position to examine operant conditioning in depth.† (p. 386). The cumulative recorder was responsible for showing the rates of response as a slopedShow MoreRelatedPerspectives Paper1467 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologists have debated for many years. It is from these two schools of thought that dueling informational ideas have been born. Originally, behaviorism was the leading school of thought being led by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Later new ideas regarding the mind became more prominent. Edward C. Tolman was one of the more prominent figures of this field. Behaviorists look ed for more evidence of behavior and rejected any ideas about the mind. An idea that was highly looked into by cognitive psychologistsRead MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MorePsychology : Personality Psychology Rough Draft1801 Words   |  8 Pageswith plenty of options for modifications, there comes possibilities for issues known as personality disorders, but with enough analysis of all the components, psychology can be used to benefit people with or without personality complications. John Watson was born in 1878 and at the age of sixteen, visited faculty. He earned a Masters degree at the age of twenty one, from wherever he went on to be a college principal. His job lasted a year so he enraptured on to attend college all over again at theRead MoreEssay on Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men1374 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Maps in Rats and Men Edward Chance Tolman made many significant findings to the studies of learning , memory and motivation. By todays standards he would be considered a behaviorist. â€Å"He is best remembered for being a pioneer in cognitive psychology during a time when behaviorists dominated the field. Tolman made several significant contributions to the field of psychology. At Berkeley University he created a cognitive theory of learning, which became his trademark to the fieldRead MoreCognitive Maps in Rats and Men1456 Words   |  6 PagesRats and Men Edward Chance Tolman made many significant findings to the studies of learning, memory and motivation. Today Tolman would be considered a Cognitive Behaviorist, he developed his own brand of behaviorism which emphasized the purposeful nature behind an organisms actions, taking into account its goals and motivations. â€Å"He is best remembered for being a pioneer in cognitive psychology during a time when behaviorists dominated the field. Tolman made several significant contributionsRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Behaviorists Essay1963 Words   |  8 PagesMethodological Behaviorism played a major role in the research and experimentation done by John Broadus Watson. Watson did several experiments based on his study of Methodological Behaviorism. It was these experiments that made Methodological Behaviorism the top experimented branch Behaviorism. John Broadus Watson was famous for many of his experiments concerning Methodological Behaviorism. Watson was most famous for his Little Albert experiment. The Little Albert experiment was inspired by IvanRead MoreMajor Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories2412 Words   |  10 Pagesenvironmental stimulus and presence of certain conditioned and unconditioned stimulus forms the base of learning and response in an organism (Tracey Morrow, 2012). 1.2- Operant conditioning theory Operant conditioning theory was presented by B.F. Skinner and the theory states that behavior of an organism is shaped by consequences of that behavior. The term operant refers to an element of behavior that is initially an involuntary action but gets reinforced or extinct depending upon the consequencesRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1295 Words   |  6 Pagesnoticed in following through with more research that a neutral stimulus could become conditioned. This was something that he spent the rest of his life studying. This type of learning became known as classical conditioning. Next we will look at Watson. Watson coined the term behaviorism. This means it is referring to the school of thought that proposed limiting psychology to the study to overtly operable behavior. He and his assistant conducted a study that proved fear could be classically conditionedRead More Learning Behavior Essays707 Words   |  3 Pagesproposed many theories regarding learning. Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that is due to past experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John B. Watson was an early psychologist that didnt agree with many other psychologists ideas about learning only relating to consciousness and thought processes. As the founder of behaviorism, Watson studied learning in a behavioral perspective, an approach that emphasizes the relationship between outwardly observable behaviors and environmental eventsRead MoreEssay about Psychology: Classical Conditioning1146 Words   |  5 Pagesnoticed in following through with more research that a neutral stimulus could become conditioned. This was something that he spent the rest of his life studying. This type of learning became known as classical conditioning. Next we will look at Watson. Watson coined the term behaviorism. This means it is referring to the school of thought that proposed limiting psychology to the study to overtly operable behavior. He and his assistant conducted a study that proved fear could be classically conditioned

Pop Music Magazine Comparison Free Essays

The magazines that are being compared are two different styles of magazines. One is a pop band magazine and the other is rock. The people in these magazines stereotype the word â€Å"HAMMER† it shows the long hair and shouting into the microphone. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music Magazine Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other magazine stereotypes nice clothes and nice hair. The people who read this magazine are emulators they look up to these people and will go at and wear what they wear. They act how they act. The aim of the magazine is to persuade the readers to go out and buy their CDs. The large hammer font connotes heavy metal and banging. They use hooks to try and get the buyers attention like ‘free CD’ or ‘free posters’. The use of language is completely different, one says ‘SCREW THE CRITICS’ and the other is ‘BLUE ARE BACK’ This shows one that is abusive and the other is more formal. There is a close up on blue then there is a long shot of Gareth Gates. The Brat Awards. The institution is â€Å"The Brat Awards†. Presenters where Rob Carpenter and Ashley Curtis, Rob Carpenter represented himself as a typical presenter. He was slick and cool he kept the show moving he was very confident. The audience where famous people they were drunk. Rage against the vending machine too cool to come up and collect their award. The genre was rock. If I was too improve the award ceremony I would have a different location. Pop Band Comparison. The ‘Big Brovas’ are attracting a teenage audience. They connote ‘gangsters’, ‘ghettos’ and ‘rude boys’. They are doing this to attract a certain type audience e.g. ‘townies’. The institution of ‘Big Brovas’ is Top Of The Pops. They represent themselves as rude boys when they are probably not at all like in real life. Compared to the ‘Darkness’ they are a lot in my opinion because the ‘Darkness’ uses high-pitched voices. The tight trousers they wear connote this. ‘Big Brovas’ convent swaying and bopping up and down. The ‘Darkness’ convent jumping up and down and a lot of movement. The ‘Darkness† institution is Top Of The Pops. Their audience would be older than teenagers. They represent themselves as scruffy people e.g. ripped vests long hair and tight trousers. Pop Music The name of the act is ‘Girls Aloud’. They are a group of young women who came from the institution of pop stars. The name of the song is life got cold. They use white clothes and white make-up to connotes the word cold. They are a pop band whose audience is mainly young girls. They represent themselves as very nicely dressed attractive women. The name of the act is ‘Good Charlotte’. The song name is ‘The Anthem’. The audience is gothic people, he attracts an audience with a rebellious look. The institution is Top Of The Pops. The genre is punk and rock. The act is ‘Lemar’. The song is ‘dance’. Lemar is a male pop singer. His image is clean cut and nicely dressed. The audience varies. The institution is pop stars. Radio Advert. Client’s Name: Woolworth Writer: Steven Briesner Duration: Unknown Music Bed: Whistling from Ed, Edd n Eddy SFX: Door Slamming SFX: Footsteps Male Voice: Perfect boys you’ve just recorded your first number one. Now lets show the people out there this brilliant song. Music: Loud Whistling MVO: That’s Brilliant. MVO2: Your Right and it’s available now at Woolworth’s. MVO3: At the great price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.49 MVO4: Woolworth’s we’re worth it. Popular Music This magazine aims to entertain people as David Bowie is a singer from the older generation older people who look at this may laugh from fond memories of their youth the magazine does this well with the main feature of David Bowie. The genre of this magazine is heavy metal/rock this was the fashion when David Bowie was a popular singer. This magazine would be for people with special interests in this sort of music. The font and style of writing tells the audience what sort of genre this is has a black background and a man with white make-up on which signals a genre of the gothic nature. It hooks are things that are on in today’s magazine like ‘Brand new collectors record section’ I don’t think they use hooks very well in this magazine because it isn’t really anything good in the offer. the only main colours used is black and white, the white make-up connotes the gothic genre. The main feature is a close-up (c.u) of David Bowie. He is stereotyping the typical grunger who is always in a depressive state. The ideology of the magazine is they believe in sucide and stuff many famous gothic stars have been known to go into a depressive state and commit suicide. How to cite Pop Music Magazine Comparison, Papers

Project Learning to Improve the Performance of Students

Introduction A teacher plays a number of roles to ensure that students have a serine environment to study in. These roles range from using up to date teaching techniques and methods to observing, controlling and influencing the attitudes and perceptions of students towards education.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Project Learning to Improve the Performance of Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the course of decimating information to students, teachers need to stick to the school curriculum and come up with ideas and innovations that may improve the performance of students or amend the current school curriculum to meet the present needs and requirements of students (Mathes at al, 1998). It is evident that different students have different capabilities when it comes to learning (Abdulkareem, 2001). This is because every student is unique in his/her own way. As a result, every student has a differen t capability with regards to education or any other activities that he/she may be involved in. Due to this fact, there is a high diversity of students within a class or a school in terms of their abilities and capabilities. It is therefore the role of a teacher to identify the diversity of his students and use it to their advantage. Diversity within a classroom can arise due to the difference in the ethnic background of students, their academic capability, athleticism, religion, behaviour, culture and beliefs. Teachers should embrace the fact that students are diverse and use it to enhance their attitudes, perceptions and performance. As a result, all the students will benefit from the programme. Theoretically, this sound simple and easy. However, for it to work out perfectly, a teacher has to use one or more peer learning activities to ensure that the advantages that arise from the diversity of his/her students are tapped. These peer-learning activities advocate for cooperation amo ng a heterogeneous group of students. A heterogeneous group of students is composed of students who have different abilities or advantages. While working together, they will have a chance to share ideas and learn to work together as a team through cooperation to achieve a common goal or objective (Baker et al, 2000). To ensure that their abilities are effectively tapped, it is critical for a teacher to have in place a peer learning project that the students will be working on.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Working on a project will give the students a chance to put their theoretical skills into practice in order to solve real life situations, work together through cooperation and aim at achieving one common goal. This activity will give them a chance to explore their different abilities and ideas, bring them together and find a solution to the current problem. This will not onl y improve their class performance, but it will also improve their socialization skills thus they will accept one another regardless of the differences may exist between them. This document is thus a learning summary of project learning that I used to improve the performance of my students. It will focus on the design that I used to implement the project to promote student learning, its evaluation and reflection and the experience that was gained through summing up all the conditions that led to the project being successful. Design Project learning provides students with the chance to apply their knowledge and skills to solve real life problems that the world is currently facing. Students normally achieve this by employing critical thinking and collaboration. They therefore work together as a team to achieve a common goal or objective. By achieving the set goals and objectives of the study, these students would have all benefitted at the expense of each other (Rohrbeck et al, 2003). This is because they will have a chance to utilize their diverse abilities and skills to solve the problem that have at hand. To achieve this with my students, I designed a simple project that would enable them to use their diverse skills and capabilities to complete. Through this project, I was able to maximize their abilities and skills. The project gave them the chance to learn and gather new knowledge and skills from the research that they conducted. This assisted in enhancing their leaning abilities and improving their confidence. In addition, the project gave me a chance to identify their interests and potentials. In doing so, it will be easier to come up with methods to enhance and maximize them (Schunk and Zimmermann, 1994). This will give me a chance to explore their full potential hence enhancing their performance.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Project Learning to Improve the Performance of Students specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More To ensure that the outcome of the project is as per my expectations, I decided to choose the topic of the project that the students worked on and the research design and methods that they employed. This ensured that there is uniformity in the manner in which the students carried out the project. In doing so, it was easier to measure the abilities and potentials of different students who were involved in the project. Working on the same project was as a benchmark of measuring the contribution, abilities, potential and interest of the students (Fullan, 2006). As a result, it will be easier to know the kind of attention that will be given to each student once the project has been completed. To put their abilities and skills at work, the students had to work on a project that focused on alternative sources of energy. This topic focused on a current issue being faced in the world. The world is currently facing a serious energy crisis. The available f orms of energy are expensive and bring about a lot of harm to the environment. At the same time, most of these energy sources are not renewable and yet they are widely applied for various uses in the domestic and industrial sectors (EEA, 2011). As a result, such sources of energy have become very expensive. This has led to the increase in the cost of production; a factor that has a ripple effect on the economy leading to the high of the cost of living and economic recession that is being experienced in the world at the present moment. Oil is a good example of an energy source whose prices have hit an all time high. The students therefore had to research on the status of the worlds energy requirements. They were also supposed to focus on the energy crisis that the world is currently facing and come up with theoretical solutions that to this predicament. The second phase was to design an alternative source of energy that was renewable in nature. For uniformity, they had to choose from water, wind or waste materials/products as their source of energy. For simplicity of their project, they had to design simple energy model that could be applied in domestic households as an alternative form of energy. This would reduce the costs that families face in trying to acquire energy and at the same time prevents environmental degradation (National Academic Press, 2006).Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This project is multidisciplinary in nature. It requires research skills to gather the information concerning the energy crisis that the world is facing. It also requires planning and execution skills in coming up with the project idea, putting it into practice and achieving the desired results. At the same time, the project involves a mix of mathematics, science and art and design to execute. This will give the students a chance to put their diverse skills and abilities in practice (Bulls and McCalla, 2002). This was done to cater for the different student diversity within the class. To achieve maximum results from project learning, the students had to work in groups. To ensure the heterogeneity of each group, the students who composed a given group had different abilities and skills. For them to achieve the goals and objectives of the study, they had to cooperate and work as a team (Bennet et al, 1984). Heterogeneity of the group also enhanced sociometry. It was thus easier to ide ntify the contribution of each group member in the project, their social positions, acceptance and structure within the groups and the classroom in general (Fantuzzo et al, 1989). The last thing that i had to consider before creating the project groups was the comfortability of these students in various groups. I had to ensure that in every group, the group members were comfortable with one another. This will ensure that there is cooperation amongst them hence increasing the chances of them achieving the goals and objectives of the study. It will also guarantee maximum learning and the development of their skills and abilities. Finally, to ensure that the students work according to the rules, standards and guidelines that I had formulated, the students had to attain three objectives by the end of the study. These were: Task completion Instructional goal Knowledge building goal Considerations of Peer Learning, Reflection, Assessment and Evaluation The methods that are used in peer learning can vary on several perspectives depending on the context in which the programme is designed and the goals and objectives that it is expected to achieve (Graham, 2002). In this respect therefore, different peer learning activities have different objectives, target groups and outcomes (Hargreaves and Fink, 2006). Studies that have been conducted recently reveal that peer learning has evolved in their operation by aiming at equally involving all the participants in the project irrespective of education level, background or abilities of different individuals. The need for reciprocal tutoring has also increased. This has ensured that all the parties that are involved benefit from the study. This has reduced any element of social diversity and has ensured that there is continuous participation from all the parties that are involved in the study enhancing the sustainability of the project. To ensure that the above considerations are involved in my design project, the application of Toppers 12 considerations of a project was necessary (Topping, 2005). These include: Context Objectives Curriculum area Participants Helping techniques Contacts Materials Training Process monitoring Assessment o f students Evaluation Feedback Integration of all these considerations coupled with high level of thoughtfulness and integrity resulted to a high success rate that was experienced from the project. Each of these factors played an important role in ensuring that all the rules, guidelines and considerations for the project were followed. They also ensured that the project was conducted as per the expected requirements and standards that were required to achieve the desired results. The context of the project was within and outside the classroom. The activities that the students were involved took much of their time. Due to this fact therefore, there are some of the sections of the project that were conducted within the classroom and some that were conducted out of the cla ssroom. Due to this fact therefore, students interacted with each other even outside the school setting. This enhanced their sociometric exercise through the increased level of interaction (McLeod, 1992). As a result, the students stood a higher chance of succeeding in their projects. The objectives of the project were clearly stated. The students were clearly informed about the scoop of the project, the expected outcome and the criteria that was used to evaluate the project. This was done to ensure that the students stick to the set rules and guidelines of the project in order to achieve the desired results (Mendez, 1992). The study had two different set of objectives, those that had to be achieved by the project of the students and the overall objectives of the study. In their projects, the objectives of the students were: To identify the causes of energy crisis that the world is currently facing To come up with an alternative source of energy that can be used to supplement domes tic needs. To formulate solutions to the energy crisis that the world is currently facing The overall objectives that the study wanted to achieve were: To ensure that all the students complete the task at hand To ensure that the students stick to the instructions of the project To ensure that the project builds and develop the knowledge and skills of all the students To promote the performance of students through peer learning Having clearly set goals and objectives ensured that all the students and me as their teacher worked together to ensure that we achieve the goals and targets of the project within a stipulated time period. Objectives also acted as the guidelines that measured the progress of the project and its viability. By the end of the project, all the groups and hence all the students had attained the objectives of this study. This thus showed that the study was a success. The topic of the project that the students were to work on was on current affairs. This ensured t hat almost all the subjects and disciplines that the students study were covered on the project. However, the project laid a lot of emphasis on mathematics, sciences and art and design. This was due to the high diversity of knowledge and skills that the class contained with regard to these subjects. The project therefore gave them an opportunity to explore on their various subjects of interest, gather new information and share their ideas and skills amongst each other (Gumpel and Frank, 1999). The project was conducted in groups. This ensured that the students could interact with one another, share their ideas and skills and work together as a team to achieve the goals and objective of the project (King, 1998). This ensured that the students would learn to apply their individual skills and at the same integrate together as a team to find solve the problems that they may be facing, at the present time and in future. The project also had several helping techniques. the main learning s trategy that the project focused on was research and application. Students were expected to apply their research skills to identify the causes of energy crisis that the world is facing, the effects it has on the economy and possible solutions to alleviate the problem. The model of alternative source of energy was just but one of the many solutions that they had identified. The project was to last for eight academic weeks. During this time, students had the time to gather ideas for the project, collect the required information, started working on the energy saving model, finalised their projects and did the presentation. All these activities were done in phases; each being analysed before they moved to the next. The teachers assistance was always provided whenever the students needed the help. The resources that were required for the project included books, cardboards and stationery. Any additional materials or resources that were required by the students were supplied to them. Befor e the commencement of the project, the students were given a handbook that contained the rules and guidelines of the project, its purpose, expectations and outcomes, and their duties and roles. Students were also trained on the various techniques amd methods of gathering information and designing project models. This ensured that they were well equipped before they commenced the project. Strict monitoring was conducted during the project. Each group had a group leader who monitored the activities that the other students were engaged in. As their teacher, i monitored the progress of each individual student and the overall progress of the group. When irregularities were noticed, corrective measures were put in place to ensure that the project is on track (Plank, 2009). Normative assessment was applied to measure the progress of the project. This method involved the assessment of the group process, individual progress and group progress. The assessments were conducted after a regular i nterval to measure the rate at which the project was progressing (Wu and Short, 1996). While assessing the students the key components that were considered were: The extent to which the students understood and executed the research topic The development of their research questions hypothesis Methods of enquiries that they utilized Limitations of the design that they chose Time line division of labor among the various individuals of the group This was the criteria that was used for assessment. The group leader also had to keep a work schedule that contained the details duties of all the group members, their daily activities, the problems they encountered and the methods that they used to solve them. This information was essential as it made assessment to be much easier and effective (Murphy, 1998). other factors that were considered while assessing the students was participation and contribution of all the students in their respective groups, their cooperation, communication methods, critical thinking and problem solving techniques and the level excellence of their projects. Evaluation was the last step that was involved in the project. By this time, all the students had completed their project (the model for alternative energy and the report write up). each group had 30 minutes to present their project before the entire class, defend the theories that they had come up with and answer questions from their peers. Their work, mode of presentation and how they handled and answered questions formed the basis of evaluation. From here, final marks were awarded for each group. the final step was to determine the impact the project had on the student. This was done to ensure that the main objectives of the project were achieved. This project aimed at promoting peer learning among students thus by the end of the project, students should have increased their knowledge and skills, identified and worked on their interests, shared their ideas and developed skills in critical thinking and problem solving (Lindsay, 1997). Impacts of the project on student learning This project brought about a lot of improvements in the performance of the students. As a result, the grades of most of the students in the class went up. This can be attributed to the fact that the project gave them a chance to expand their knowledge and skills on various aspects of curriculum (McLuckie and Topping, 2004). The project that the students were involved in was multidisciplinary, this ensured that they integrated their knowledge, skills and capabilities on various subjects to achieve a desired result. The students also developed analytical and critical thinking skills in the course of the project. This will be useful especially in their further studies when they will be required to carry out sophisticated studies and researches. In addition, the project developed cooperation among the students. This was achieved through working together to achieve a desired outcome that wa s beneficial to all the parties that were involved in the project. Working in groups also developed the participation, social acceptance, social positions and social structure in all the students. Experience Gained from the Project After working on the project, I realized that it is necessary as a teacher to identify the student diversity that is present in a particular class, identify the strength and weaknesses of individual students and then formulate a project-learning project that will aim at improving the performance of all the students. Project learning is an effective and efficient method of improving the performance of students and boosts their skills, knowledge and capabilities. While working in heterogeneous groups, students get the chance to utilize their capabilities and share ideas. This leads to an overall development of all the students, impacting positively on the performance of the students. As a result, the grades of all the students will improve. Therefore, proje ct learning project is the best means through which one can improve the performance of all the students within a short time period (Bellon and Beaudry, 1992). Conclusion Over the years, project learning has been used as one of the tools that aim at improving the performance of students who have diverse capabilities. This has been achieved through engaging students in projects that cover either one subject or several subjects that they learn in class. In the process, students get the chance to put their knowledge and skills in practice to solve real life situations. In the process, they read wide, share ideas, come up with new ones, critically analze the situation, and come up with solutions. Project learning should therefore be used by teachers to improve the performance of their students. References Abdulkareem, R. (2001) Supervisory Practices as Perceived by Teachers and Supervisors in Riyadh Schools, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished M.Phil dissertation, University of Ohio. Bellon, T. an d Beaudry, J. (1992) Teachers’ perceptions of their leadership roles in site-  based decision-making. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. Bennett, S. N., Desforges, C. W., Cockburn, A., and Wilkinson, B. (1984). The quality of  pupil learning experiences. London: Lawrence Erlbaum. Baker, S., Gersten, R. and Chard, D (2000). Factors enhancing sustained use of research-based instructional practices. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33 (5), 445-457. Bull, S., and McCalla, G. (2002). Modelling cognitive style in a peer help network.  Instructional Science, 30, 497–528. EEA.(2011) EEA Professional Development Schedule 2011. EEA.com, viewed on https://eeaust.com.au/ Fantuzzo, J. W., Riggio, R. E., Connelly, S., and Dimeff, L. A. (1989). Effects of reciprocal peer tutoring on academic achievement and psychological adjustment: A componential analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 173 œ177. Fullan, M. (2006) Sustaining Leadership in Complex Times: An individual and system solution. Sustaining and Developing Leaders. London, Sage Publications. Graham, C. R. (2002). Factors for effective learning groups in face-to-face and virtual environments. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 3, 307–319. Gumpel, T. P., Frank, R. (1999). An expansion of the peer-tutoring paradigm: Cross- age peer tutoring of social skills among socially rejected boys. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 115–118. Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D. (2006) Sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Jossey– Bass. King, A. (1998). Transactive peer tutoring: Distributing cognition and metacognition.  Educational Psychology Review, 10, 57–74. Lindsay, J. (1997) Techniques in human geography. Oxon, Routledge. Mathes, P. G., Howard, J. K., Allen, S. H., and Fuchs, D. (l998). Peer-assisted learning strategies for first-grade readers: Responding to the needs of diverse learner s.  Reading Research Quarterly, 33, 62–94. McLeod, D. (1992) Research on the affect in mathematics education: A reconceptualization. In D. A. Grouws (ed.) Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning, pp. 575-596, New York: Macmillan. McLuckie, J., Topping, K. J. (2004). Transferable skills for online peer learning.  Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 29, 563–584. Mendez, S. (1992) Leadership Characteristics that Facilitate School Change.  SEDL.org. 2011. Web. Murphy, J.T. (1988) The unheroic side of leadership: Notes from the swamp. Phi Delta  Kappan, 69, 654-659. National Academic Press. (2006) Learning to think spatially. New York: National Academies Press. Plank, D. (2009) Handbook of education policy research. New York, Taylor Francis. Rohrbeck, C. A., Ginsburg-Block, M. D., Fantuzzo, J. W., and Miller, T. R. (2003). Peer- assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Educatio nal Psychology, 95, 240–257. Schunk, D. H., Zimmermann, B. J. (1994). Self-regulation of learning and  performance.New York: Lawrence Erlbaum. Topping. K. (2005). Trends in Peer Learning. Educational Psychology, 25(6), 631-645. Wu, V. and Short, P. M. (1996) The relationship of the empowerment to teachers’ job commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 23, 85-89. This coursework on Project Learning to Improve the Performance of Students was written and submitted by user Sylvia Walls to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Guilded Age essays

The Guilded Age essays The Gilded Age brought about many reforms in many ways affecting basically all ways of life of the people in America. The churches started their change with the physical appearance of the churches. The church house went from a homely little building to an extravagant building representing the wealth and prestige of its members. This caused many disagreements in the parish of these organizations. Many people felt that the church, by its stained glass windows and decorated halls, was emphasizing materialism; that god rewarded the righteous with money. Also at the time other religions began to gain new ground and popularity, mostly among and due to the immigrants. Roman Catholicism and Judaism emerged as predominant faiths. By the end of the 17th century the Roman Catholics had nearly nine million people in their churches. The Salvation Army emerged in the 1880s when they came here from England. These soldiers with out arms were possibly the most effective, giving their free soup and s helter to those in need and spreading the thoughts of kindness and sharing amongst the world. Another new church that came about was the Church of Christ, Science, established by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879. This church took a different view, based on the healing power of Christianity instead of modern medicine. The YMCA and YWCA grew tremendously in the post civil war era, with the Ys sprouting up in every place with a large enough population to support it. With so many leaps and bounds in the field of religion, one can only expect that something would be discovered. Enter Darwin and all the chaos and bickering his ideas cause. In 1859 he published his highly controversial volume On the Origin of Species which explained his theory on how human beings evolved from lesser life forms into what they are today, quickly becoming known as the survival of the fittest. This theory also specifically contradicted the ideals which were set by...

Directional Selection Is One of Three Types of Natural Selection

Directional Selection Is One of Three Types of Natural Selection Directional selection  is one type of  natural selection  in which the  phenotype  (the observable characteristics) of the species tends toward one extreme rather the mean phenotype or the opposite extreme phenotype. Directional selection is one of three widely studied types of natural selection, in addition  to  stabilizing selection  and  disruptive selection. In stabilizing selection, the extreme phenotypes gradually reduce in number in favor of the mean phenotype, while in disruptive selection, the mean phenotype shrinks in favor of extremes in either direction.   Conditions Leading to Directional Selection The directional selection phenomenon is usually seen in environments that have changed over time. Changes in weather, climate, or food availability can lead to directional selection. In a very timely example connected to climate change, sockeye salmon have recently been observed shifting the timing of their spawn run in Alaska, likely due to rising water temperatures.   In a  statistical analysis of natural selection, directional selection shows a population bell curve for a particular trait that shifts either further left or further right. However, unlike  stabilizing selection, the height of the bell curve does not change. There are far fewer average individuals in a  population that has undergone directional selection. Human interaction can also speed up directional selection. For example, human hunters or fishermen pursuing quarry most often kill the bigger individuals of the population for their meat or other large ornamental or useful parts. Over time, this causes the population to skew toward the smaller individuals. A directional selection bell curve for size will show a shift to the left in this example of directional selection. Animal predators can also create directional selection. Because slower individuals in a prey population are more likely to be killed and eaten, directional selection will gradually skew the population toward faster individuals. A bell curve plotting species size will skew toward the right when documenting this form of directional selection.   Examples As one of the common forms of natural selection, there are plentiful examples of directional selection that have studied and documented. Some well-known cases:   Charles Darwin  studied what later became known as directional selection while he was in the  Galapagos Islands. He observed that the beak length of the Galapagos  finches  changed over time due to available food sources. When there was a lack of insects to eat, finches with larger and deeper beaks survived because the beak structure was useful for cracking seeds. Over time, as insects became more plentiful, directional selection began to favor  finches  with smaller and longer beaks that were more useful for catching insects.Fossil records show that black bears in Europe decreased in size during periods between continental glacial coverage during the ice ages, but increased in size during the glacial period. This was likely because larger individual enjoyed an advantage in conditions of limited  food supplies and  extreme cold.  In 18th and 19th century England peppered moths who had been predominantly white in order to blend in with light colored trees began t o evolve into a predominantly dark species in order to blend in with an environment that was becoming increasingly covered with soot from Industrial Revolution factories.